Comparison Of Bureaucratic And Non Bureaucratic Organisations Commerce Essay Example For Students

Correlation Of Bureaucratic And Non Bureaucratic Organizations Commerce Essay The Style of bureaucratic association has entirely unique development as correlation with the non bureaucratic associations. The bureaucratic way is favored because of its capable way of removal yet for the new and little and normal size associations no bureaucratic way is generally well known. Here are comparings between these two: Outline1 Suitability:2 Use of Human resources:3 Creativity and Invention:4 Operational control:5 Time Saving:6 Motivational degree:7 Structure:8 Communication and strategies and processs:9 Preferable Organization:10 Advantages and Disadvantages:11 Advantages of Non-Bureaucratic Organization:12 Disadvantages of non-Bureaucratic Organization:13 Decision: Reasonableness: Bureaucratic way is increasingly appropriate for huge association however for new little and normal size association the non bureaucratic way is progressively fit Utilization of Human assets: In the non bureaucratic the HR are all the more viably and speedily utilized by the association as correlation with the other way. Imagination and Invention: As the non bureaucratic associations is increasingly adaptable condition so the more open doors o innovativeness and creation is in non bureaucratic as correlation with bureaucratic associations. ( Stamm V B: 2008 ) , Operational control: In the bureaucratic associations the control offer for tasks are appropriated while in non bureaucratic there is a concentrated offered of control for the activities of the association. Efficient: In bureaucratic associations there is truly long link of offer and when the request is given by the higher approval from top to down level it takes more clasp to pass on while in the non bureaucratic direct requests are given from the higher approval to the auxiliaries so as to procure oneself produced reaction. It takes not so much clasp but rather more clasp to work is dedicated. Persuasive degree: The level of thought process is truly elevated in non bureaucratic way in light of the fact that the immediate requests are given from the top degree and more wagess and handle is given by further extent to the auxiliaries straight while in bureaucratic way the top degree has only here and there impart directly to the auxiliaries. ( Sapru R.K: 2006 ) Structure: Non bureaucratic development is increasingly unstable as correlation with the bureaucratic development. Correspondence and strategies and processs: In bureaucratic there is hapless level of imparting while in non bureaucratic the level of conveying and go throughing data from top to hurl off is a lot snappier and quicker. Notwithstanding, In bureaucratic way there are composed paperss of strategies and processs and if any activity comes they can choose it by using that arrangements and processs while it is missing in non bureaucratic association. As in bureaucratic associations there are more strategies and processs which are trailed by the representatives and they feel no opportunity and less roused condition as correlation with on bureaucratic associations where individuals are progressively persuaded and increasingly proficient to do the association increasingly effective. Best Organization: As examine prior that the non bureaucratic association way is increasingly appropriate for close to nothing and normal measured association while for higher or huge associations the bureaucratic way is progressively fit. While I have seen that in non bureaucratic way the flexibleness of work, conveying from top to down and inspirational level of the representatives are high so they pursue simple path the finish of the association. Anyway every association has its ain way and development and it is non simple to make up ones brain for an impossible to miss association that which development is best for them. After basic investigation I will take non bureaucratic way in light of the fact that the persuasive figure included it is the central point for my association and as rationale gets development and inventiveness the association. .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6 , .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6 .postImageUrl , .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6 , .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6:hover , .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6:visited , .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6:active { border:0!important; } .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6:active , .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6:hover { darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u8e99861291249e4778 5e971eaad93bf6 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u8e99861291249e47785e971eaad93bf6:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: China Between The Fall Of The KMT And Mao Tse-Tung EssayAs in 1995 Herzberg says During work the various variables which inspire individuals and unique in relation to those which make disappointment ** The components which are typically associated with making the occupation identified with occupation satisfier while the elements which characterize the occupation setting ordinarily relates the occupation disappoints . ** Favorable circumstances and Disadvantages: Each association has its ain way and each way has its ain points of interest and impediments. So these are as per the following: Points of interest of Non-Bureaucratic Organization: Non bureaucratic association way is increasingly adaptable and simple to follow the adjustments in any association. As the approval has direct conveying to the auxiliaries so the quick imparting makes the reaction speedier and proficient. There is no long connection of offer which spares the clasp and proficient utilization of HR at its power. Representatives are increasingly roused by wagess and handle by the higher governments straight which passing on the innovation and imagination in any association as the assurance and working natural are progressively adaptable so progressively snappier to follow the planetary changes which keeps the representatives progressively antiphonal and dependable to trail the authoritative points. As there is no long chain of command so any worker can be given work with no clasp bound and spot load. So the workers can take their ain ventures and do assurance so as to complete the endeavor without holding up the higher approval consent. Detriments of non-Bureaucratic Organization: The main detriment is that the development is extremely casual there are non any troublesome and quick guidelines, strategies and processs in the composed signifier. There is lack of normalization so the occupations emerge in the association on similar issues can non be unraveled so the work power are included to set their contribution to work out the activity. As the centralization of offer of control make the representatives to rely just upon the top approval or individual to help through the tasks or endeavors of the association. Anyway every new little and normal association will look frontward to be spread excursion in the great beyond so this non-bureaucratic way ought to be changed into the bureaucratic way so as to deal with the endeavors and tasks of the association in increasingly useful and proficient way. Because of the nonappearance of legitimate processs and strategies in the composed signifier now and then it s extremely hard for the association to help through the requests. Choice: Fitting to me the non bureaucratic way has some outskirt over the conventional bureaucratic way as it is increasingly adaptable and simple to follow adjustments in this cutting edge way of age. Albeit each association has aits ain development blending to its requests and size. Despite the fact that the non bureaucratic has a few hindrances like lack of normalization and nonappearance of composed approaches and processs yet at the same time it is appropriate for the little and normal size associations. Be that as it may while taking the way of an association it s all rely upon the nature and size and the central activities which is completed by the association. At the terminal each non bureaucratic is transform into bureaucratic as it develops and picking up control more market partitions. So in the beginning of any new concern the non bureaucratic way is received while it extend than there ought to be composed guidelines, arrangements and processs which ought to be trailed by the representatives so as to work out the occupations and to accomplish the significant points and finishes of any association. This

Choose the Right Path in Life Essay Example for Free

Pick the Right Path in Life Essay Damion Booker is a 6’5 point monitor from Rialto, California that is evidently the best point watch since Magic Johnson. Enchantment Johnson was an extraordinary competitor he was flexible, had ball IQ, he arrived at the midpoint of a twofold, and above all a pioneer on the court. Damion Booker followed those equivalent accurate viewpoints. Damion Booker was the first round draft pick and was drafted to Los Angles Hokies and recently went to Rialto State University (RSU). Damion Booker studied Business and had a GPA of 3. 9. In addition to the fact that he had incredible physicality and aptitude, he was astute. He made respect roll each year and tested himself to an ever increasing extent. Each instructor adored him and was mainstream around grounds. He was likewise associated with numerous exercises, for example, karate, played piano, and chipped in at a senior resident home two or three hours each mid year break. While being associated with numerous exercises he met a person named Elijah Hearth. Elijah Hearth was an old buddy, yet in addition a troublemaker. Furthermore, while Damion Booker was spending time with his companion Elijah Hearth he met another specialist and felt he was fit for the activity. His first specialist was problematic and not dependable. A couple of days after the fact Damion Booker got a call saying there was a NBA Lockout while at home. His operator said he didn’t have a thought when the new season was going to start. He was exceptionally stunned and crushed, He couldn’t trust it. Damion Booker needed to discover some approach to bring in cash so he chose to claim a business that he’s been endeavoring since he was a senior in school. Damion Booker was exhausted so he turned out to be increasingly included. Half a month later his resteraunt opened it was named Damion Booker Palace. He made boatloads of money and had a ton of cash. Subsequently, he turned out to be extremely presumptuous in all that he did. It required some investment to claiming that eatery. He removed time from b-ball to place in work to claim the Palace. He had earned cash twice as quick as normal individuals who began their business. For a great many people it takes a long time to claim a business, yet for Damion Booker it took him a month. The foundation behind that was that he made this uncommon sauce that pulled in individuals everywhere throughout the world. Damion Booker made a delectable, delightful sauce that was known as the Damion Cold Killer Pasta Sauce. It was as far as anyone knows the best sauce across the country and it’s the blockbuster at Damion Palace. It pulled in wild, peculiar eaters like Andrew Zimmern. The pasta sauce was so acceptable Andrew Zimmern said it was the best pasta he at any point tasted. Subsequently, to the Cold Killer Pasta Sauce it had a mystery fixing. The mystery fixing was this celebrated pepper that originated from Peruvia. It was known as the Peruvian Puff Pepper. The Puff Pepper had this extraordinary flavor that made fixings spicier and progressively tasty. The sauce likewise had additional measures of salt and other extreme fixing yet the additional salt and the puff peppers are the ones that made the sauce taste better and all the more compelling. The sauce turned out to be compelling to the point that it made thin individuals fat and the hefty individuals become fatter. The sauce is kind of in contrast with a major macintosh from McDonald’s. Bunches of individuals got it and it was very compelling. The Puff Pepper had an extraordinary component that caused you to ask for to an ever increasing extent. Damions Palace put numerous organizations on bankrupt as a result of how great their claim to fame was. The main business that stayed standing were M cDonald’s, Jack in the Box, Carls Jr, Taco Bell, Applebee’s, Panda Express, and Denny’s yet they were losing the normal clients since Damion Palace was taking over in light of their exceptional pasta sauce. They were likewise losing cash to in which that was a terrible thing and had a go at putting more notices onto TV advertisements, radios, bulletins, and zeppelins. Individuals didn’t care to much about the promotion of TV ads, dirigibles, announcements, and radios all the individuals thought about was Damions Palace and their unique pasta sauce. Damion Booker thought of the thought on one exhausting end of the week and chose to cook. Out of nowhere, he thought of making pasta sauce since that was his mother’s most loved thing to eat while she was youthful and she would make it on extraordinary events. He went into his bureau and pulled things such seasonings, for example, salt and pepper, and a wide range of sauces that his mother had put away. At that point, Damion pulled out a bowl and began blending an invention. He tasted two or three blends and didn’t like them to well. After two or three more blends he tasted a wonderful sauce that he accepted tasted very interesting. They didn’t have much since they Damion’s mother didn’t get a lot of cash-flow. They weren’t poor however they weren’t blessed. In the wake of tasting the sauce he realized he would get fruitful later on. While doing this he understood he required a reinforcement plan for when the NBA comes out of its lockout. His reinforcement was to have his sibling assume control over Damion Palace when the NBA lockout closes. When Damion got settled to being an entrepreneur the lockout possessed finished and it was energy for Damion to begin ball once more. The primary couple of weeks the Palace ran easily. At a certain point they had more clients than any time in recent memory recorded. Damion was getting settled with b-ball and his sibling was assuming control over the best eatery in the country. Life couldn’t show signs of improvement for the Booker family! As life ran easily they turned out to be very self-important until a fire torched the Palace. Damion was miserable and felt like a total disappointment, yet at the same time certain. Despite the fact that the royal residence burned to the ground, Damion didn’t realize the spot was torched until the elite player break he checked in and considered his sibling to ask how the café was running. Damion sibling revealed to him the spot got burned to the ground. Damion was enraged! Damion’s Brother didn’t need to meddle with Damion’s b-ball vocation. Their relationship was adulterated and didn’t converse with each other for quite a while. They co ntinually would contend and have numerous unruly contradictions. At the point when The Bookers lost their café, they became appalling again and were discouraged. Their family started to go on corners and ask for cash professionally however not for long. They were experiencing some intense occasions yet they generally defeat the predicament. When the Bookers began getting more cash Damion had begun preseason ball with the Los Angles Hokies. He was a star in his group like the entire world previously suspected. To present day times Damion Booker went to the NBA like Kyrie Irving. Kyrie Irving was a first round draft pick and quickly turned into a star in the NBA. Life turned out to be useful for Damion Booker again he was getting notoriety and exposure. He was getting so much distinction and exposure that he went about as though he overlooked that his own eatery kicked burned to the ground and off treating his family quite well. He began to be in magazines, ads, and on the web. Damion Booker turned into the substance of ball and all the more signif icantly the essence of Rookies. Additional time Damion Booker became arrogant terrible things start to transpired once more. Damion booker was going for a sure thing on a quick break and hurt his lower leg. He was on the ground for 10 minutes and couldn’t get up. He felt incapacitated and the clinical staff needed to get Damion put him on a cot. The following day he went to the specialist and they disclosed to him he had a burst Achilles ligament and that he will always be unable to play b-ball once more. Damion Booker was vexed in light of the fact that ball was his life and on the off chance that you removed b-ball from him it resembled removing his life. Ball was his Life! He played it consistently and at whatever point he had the opportunity. On the offseason of when Damion was in school he would consistently go to the recreation center and have pickup games. He would command and win pretty much each and every game. Damion didn’t need to tune in to the specialists. He would not tune in to anything they said. Damion was going to return and play in the NBA in any case on the off chance that they said he could or couldn’t. The system professional accepted that he would have been out for his vocation thus did the entire world. Unimaginably Two months after the fact, Damion stepped on the court and the country was stunned. It was an astounding profit and for his introduction from returning he had twenty-two focuses, six helps, and five bounce back. Individuals realized this child was exceptional on the grounds that no one had ever recouped from a cracked Achilles ligament and furthermore in light of how quick he recuperated from his physical issue. Afterward, he got freshman of the year and arrived at the midpoint of 18 focuses a game and became presumptuous once more. In Addition, to Damion getting presumptuous after he won youngster of the year he started to get captured and this time he was wrecked forever. He began getting impacted by his companions and thinking he was superior to everybody on the planet. That equivalent night he won new kid on the block of the year Damion went out celebrating with his companion. There was medications and liquor that he got into that just totally wrecked his mentality. He began missing a few practices, get to the group room late, slight the mentors, and numerous different things that pushed him into some difficulty. Additionally, his numbers dropped, and showed up consistently drained. Rather than Damion averaging 18 focuses a game originating from the injury he arrived at the midpoint of around 8 focuses a game. As he continued doing these activities they saw an uncommon change and requested Damion to take a medication test. A few days after the fact the group got the outcomes and he bombed the medication test. After they got the outcomes the Hokies discharged him to free organization and no other group needed him. He understood he committed an error and began to feel discouraged. Therefore, he got kicked out of the NBA and felt so lost he ended it all.

Ruthless Advice Essay Samples Strategies Exploited

<h1> Ruthless Advice Essay Samples Strategies Exploited </h1> <p>When you are mentioned to form a paper, endeavor to find a few examples (models) of comparative composition and figure out how to watch the art of the author. In case you're to truly pick up from model papers, you need to see how to peruse the methods of the author'. At long last, an extraordinary author keeps center. Second, he is one who makes things straightforward for the perusers. </p> <p>This paper looks at the clarifications for why task papers are gainful for understudy learning and thinks about some of the issues with this procedure of evaluation. You'll watch a comparable structure in some of the articles. Studies have shown that most interviewees come up short on account of nonappearance of proper planning or importance when asked even the simplest of inquiries. In truth, it is constantly useful to watch an assessment article model. </p> <h2> The Key to Successful Adv ice Essay Samples</h2> <p>Though the end passage comes at the finish of your exposition it shouldn't be viewed as a bit of hindsight. This area comprises of two instances of incredible school essays.</p> <p>Based on establishment you may be asked to answer article inquiries. Distinct article subjects might be either simpler or all the more testing. All together for this sort of paper to be prosperous, the investigating of the subject must be intensive and even. These types of expositions are ensured to nap off your perusers. </p> <p>It's said individuals who exceed expectations in life are people who love the things that they do, and composing is no exemption. Presently things began to get extremely charming. Every so often a phenomenal case of what you're endeavoring to accomplish is certainly justified regardless of a 1000 expressions of guidance! Thusly it is critical that help is close by. </p> <p>If found in the inaccurate way the representative should be regretful and in specific situations look for pardoning. For instance, the view of an understudy about the correct conduct in an individual will impact their conduct in the general public. The main way an individual can adjust the conduct of such a man is by changing their observation to one of a kind things. For instance, the conduct of an individual is to a great extent influenced by the spot he is instead of he ecological issues. </p> <p>Professor Mitchell acquired an award to have a classification of understudies to Belgium as an approach to contemplate the EU. Understudies have occupied existences and regularly disregard a coming cutoff time. </p> <h2>The Secret to Advice Essay Samples </h2> <p>On the other side, article composing is a sort of exploratory writing generally utilized by organizations as a way to advertise their items. Another explanation it's the absolute best counsel, it supports me. Interestingly, it might be something entirely simple and stubborn (clearly), which means you won't have to explore a lot of data. In truth, it is a portrayal with increasingly distinctive points of interest. </p> <h2>Things You Should Know About Advice Essay Samples </h2> <p>Following guidelines is indispensable. As the last passage is speaks to your last chance to turn your case and, being such, ought to stick to a very inflexible configuration. You may bring to the table a little passage which stick two of your earlier decisions together. </p> <h2>What Everybody Dislikes About Advice Essay Samples and Why </h2> <p>The point of such evaluation is to make sense of whether certain people have any psychological handicaps and likely techniques for helping them deal with the issues. It is fundamental for the kid to deliver solid healthy connections with guardians, however moreover with various people, similar to their grandparents or parental figures. As individuals are predominately social, it's significant they figure out how to make great solid connections. When there is acceptable', there must be terrible' child rearing. </p> <h2>Advice Essay Samples Ideas &l t;/h2> <p>Finally, notwithstanding, recall that extraordinary composing doesn't occur coincidentally. You may utilize the examples as an establishment for turning out to be the means by which to write in the fitting style. At the point when you're really keeping in touch with you need to remain as a main priority that you're contending a particular point. Since the answer to this inquiry will be distinctive dependent on such a business and the sort of association, this inquiry is best tended to in an individual directing arrangement. </p>

Learn About Disclosing ADHD When Applying for College

Learn About Disclosing ADHD When Applying for College ADHD School Print Learn About Disclosing ADHD When Applying for College The decision to disclose is an individual one By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Updated on May 25, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Carsten Koall/Stringer/Getty Images The question of whether or not to disclose attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one that frequently comes up for students with ADHD during the college planning and application process. For these students, the underlying concern is often -- will disclosure hurt my chances of getting in?   The decision to disclose can be a very individual one. There are legal protections in place that prohibit colleges and universities from discriminating against a qualified applicant and denying admission because of a disability, including ADHD. The Importance of Supports in College The transition to college life and college-level academics can be a challenging one for a teenager with ADHD. In college, students face increased demands, responsibilities, and distractions -- all without the built-in support system at  home. Understanding the way ADHD affects you academically, socially, and emotionally and getting supports in place early on can be critical to success. Symptoms of ADHD can affect a person in varying ways and the levels of support needed in college will vary from person to person. Having insight into your ADHD and seeking the necessary resources you need to be successful in college is strength and demonstrates a high level of self-awareness and maturity. The benefits of disclosing your ADHD early on in the application process can include orientation accommodations such as extended time on placement examinations, support in the registration process, and access to the schools academic support services. If you chose to disclose, it is often helpful to write about your experiences with ADHD in your college essay giving a clear picture of the ways you have dealt with areas of weakness, as well as sharing about your strengths and interests. Set up interviews with the admissions officers at your top choice colleges, so that you can connect personally and explain more about your past performances -- especially if you need to provide context into an uneven academic profile. Read additional tips on the college planning and application process for students with ADHD. The most important issue is finding a college that meets your individual needs. When you can correctly assess your abilities and the level of support you need to manage impairments and match those needs with an appropriate college setting, your chances for success increase exponentially! Learn about the benefits of ADHD coaching for college students.

How to Write a Custom Android App to Connect to Your Anduino WiFi Board

<h1>How to Write a Custom Android App to Connect to Your Anduino WiFi Board</h1><p>If you are making a custom Android application, you may likewise need to consider utilizing the Raspberry Pi to get associated with your WiFi board. At the point when I was first composing my custom Android application, I didn't know about this alternative. I didn't know there was another choice and there were no guidelines to tell me the best way to set it up. Accordingly, I was stuck doing it the customary way, which was dreary and time consuming.</p><p></p><p>The magnificence of composing a custom Android application is that you can take it anyplace you go as long as you have an Internet association. There is no compelling reason to carry your PC into the work place. I had the option to perceive how it functioned in my home office, since I was continually working, however I couldn't take it anyplace else.</p><p></p><p>I was astonished when I composed my custom Android application, that it was so natural to associate with my anduino wifi board. It is just on paper, however with a couple of straightforward advances, I had the option to get everything set up on my own computer.</p><p></p><p>The initial step to composing a custom Android application to interface with my anduino wifi board is to download a bit of programming called 'FTDI', which represents Fotolabs Detailed Firmware. This will permit you to control the board through your PC, with the goal that you can change settings. The following stage is to download the SD card picture of your board. So as to do this, you should associate your board to your PC by means of USB cable.</p><p></p><p>The following stage is to compose a custom Android application to interface with my anduino wifi board. When your telephone is associated, open your program and access the Internet. Type the IP address of your board and you s hould see your page.</p><p></p><p>Write a custom Android application to interface with my anduino wifi board, and begin playing with your new Internet board. You will be amazed at how rapidly you get use to the new element. This board can assist you with associating with your laptop.</p><p></p><p>The just thing you have to do to compose a custom Android application to interface with your anduino wifi board is to download the correct record from the Internet and put it on your SD card. There is an application called 'PicBridge' which encourages you introduce the application on your Android. Adhere to the guidelines in the PicBridge guide and you will associate in no time.</p><p></p><p>Writing a custom Android application to interface with my anduino wifi load up is only one of the numerous choices accessible to you when you figure out how to code. You can do such huge numbers of things with an Internet empowered gadget like your Android telephone or tablet. Despite the fact that the Raspberry Pi is little, it has heaps of memory, so you can adapt bunches of new things when you use it to code your own apps.</p>

Essay Topics For Grade 12 - Get Better Grades With These Essay Topics For Grade 12

<h1>Essay Topics For Grade 12 - Get Better Grades With These Essay Topics For Grade 12</h1><p>The theme for your paper is one of the most significant things that you should consider. While you can utilize normal subjects and some fundamental information, you are encouraged to ensure that your theme has something that intrigues you. Remember that you should have the option to excel on this theme to help you in getting your acknowledgment in the higher evaluation. There are a couple of things that you have to consider while picking a subject for grade 12.</p><p></p><p>The least demanding route for you to have the option to discover themes for grade 12 is by doing an online pursuit. The beneficial thing about this is you are not restricted to the paper and different distributions that you can beware of. You can look on Google or Yahoo utilizing the key expression 'grade paper subjects'. While the subsequent choice may be progressively agreeable for you, it will at present give you data from various sources.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to that, there are many article themes that are accessible through the web. You can likewise take a gander at the numerous sites that have some expertise in themes that are identified with your subject of decision. They frequently offer you numerous assets that will be of extraordinary assistance to you. These assets can incorporate magazines and books that contain expositions identified with your picked topic.</p><p></p><p>The best thing about this is you can spare time and exertion since you can do this for nothing. You can generally counsel a specialist who can assist you with picking a theme that you can without much of a stretch comprehend. Since you are now doing explore, the specialists will have the option to assist you with showing signs of improvement at it.</p><p></p><p>If you need a higher evaluation for your ta sk, you can generally contact a school or college in regards to the theme for grade 12. You may find that they offer various alternatives that you can browse. Notwithstanding that, they may likewise give you free aides on the best way to compose the paper themes for grade 12.</p><p></p><p>After you have discovered the choices that are accessible, you will likewise need to choose which ones will be the best for you. Since this is a decent open door for you to warm up to different understudies, you should ensure that you can expound on various subjects that are fascinating for you. All things considered, you are in an alternate class and grade so there is not much on the off chance that you need to have some good times while you are writing.</p><p></p><p>As long as you ensure that your exposition points for grade 12 have something that is intriguing to you, you will have the option to get the evaluation that you merit. That is the reason it is significant for you to become familiar with them so you can make the privilege decision.</p>

Who is Worried About Vanderbilt Essay Topics and Why You Should Be Paying Attention

<h1> Who is Worried About Vanderbilt Essay Topics and Why You Should Be Paying Attention</h1> <h2> Choosing Vanderbilt Essay Topics Is Simple</h2> <p>In along these lines, the peruser may likewise feel the most ideal approach to be in that particular birthday celebration. Pick a Solvable and advantageous Study Problem It is critical to pick an issue that is tight enough that you're ready to address it or illuminate it in a reasonable timespan period. On the off chance that you exploit an inquiry, use the issue then-arrangement position. Think past the container as you answer the following inquiries. </p> <p>You ought to pick a subject that might be done inside a two-year timespan system. Consider an occasion of how you can better your talking by means of an outline of a solitary change by they way you accept. The third subject of salary development is by method of the back of the room deals. The second field of pay extension is by means of pr e-selling materials. </p> <p>High school isn't free in Kenya. Presently understudies no longer have the commitment to think about a theme and they can give all their time really building up the paper itself. </p> <p>When you work on composing, ordinarily there's a solid chance of turning into a predominant author later on. In actuality, most prosperous essayists are individuals who have adequate learning in sentence structure as it is easy to alter your work on the off chance that you realize what is important to be amended. To be incredible at open talking, you have to be able to wow your crowd from the earliest starting point. In many occasions, you should deliver a point which will empower others to understand your viewpoint, and mentioning to them to feel that what you compose is valid. </p> <h2> Top Vanderbilt Essay Topics Choices</h2> <p>You should initially find out the purpose for your paper, before it is conceivable to compose influential substance about it. Besides, supplemental articles will be included as they're discharged. Beginning your paper is as often as possible the hardest part. Maybe, composing factious papers isn't that a basic activity. < ;/p> <p>To start with, the creator should choose a point to examine. Moreover, a postulation shouldn't be one sentence. An assortment of distributed proposition themes could be found here. When composing this exposition, select a subject of intrigue. </p> <p>Most individuals trust you ought to have three contentions. Discourse issue allude to numerous conditions where someone experiences issues conveying by mouth. Diverse essentialness of a specific word is reliant upon the gathering of people who utilizes it. There are cases which individuals have varieties with respect to deciphering or offering implications to words. </p> <p>Set your goal first, and produce a way to compose it in a captivating way for your perusers to savor. In spite of the fact that the author is simply portraying the subject, there should at present be rationale to follow. It is the kind of story that is well worth telling. There were some trying occasions yet that is the pith of the brute. </p> <h2> Whispered Vanderbilt Essay Topics Secrets </h2> <p>In a comprehensive audit methodology, the exposition is one critical part among many. You might need to incorporate an additional paper in the event that you think the school application structures don't offer adequate opportunity to pass on significant data in regards to yourself or your achievements. What application you use is your choice. Application for confirmation could be made electronically through the hyperlink underneath. </p> <p>If you're offered and acknowledge our proposal of affirmation, you will be approached to mail official tra nscripts from each foundation you've joined in, when you have not done so as of now. Carolina's enhancement will flexibly you with four prompts, and you'll pick two. It is conceivable to likewise endeavor reaching your close by speaker departments, non-benefit associations, partnerships and perhaps even libraries. Understudies who need to be considered for additional legitimacy grants are urged to complete the Cornelius Vanderbilt Scholarship application. </p> <p>Whatever your composing needs are, we have the assets and skill that is important to convey predominant work. Market timing was depicted as utilizing successive exchanging to profit by old rates. Get the entirety of your publicizing and advertising materials prepared with the goal that you can focus on three simple systems to widen your salary out in the open talking. 1 thing I know is that the man or lady who showcases first to the meeting organizer when they're set up to recruit will make sure about the activi ty. </p>

Writing a Math Term Paper - Is it Worth It?

<h1>Writing a Math Term Paper - Is it Worth It?</h1><p>In request to be a magnificent understudy and to stay aware of the most recent changes in training, it is critical to see how to compose a math research paper. It is significant that you compose a research project to incorporate the entirety of the ebb and flow and recorded data in regards to math. Composing a research project is an incredible method to assist you with abstaining from making normal mistakes.</p><p></p><p>When you are setting up a paper for school, you should audit a portion of the proposed test papers. You should ensure that the data that you write in your paper is all around explored and cutting-edge. To assist you with this, you can likewise look into a portion of the free online assets. A large portion of these are from schools or colleges and they for the most part have a particular theme that you can use as an asset. Furthermore, you can likewise search for sentence structure or spelling issues.</p><p></p><p>If you are readied, you can even search for research material that you can use in your paper. This data can be from books, magazines, the web or significantly different sites. You can even search for pictures that you can use in your paper. This is normally taken from the historical backdrop of math, or there are pictures that have been utilized to show the significance of the topic.</p><p></p><p>However, you ought to be cautious about the spelling and punctuation of your paper. At the point when you compose a math research project, it is significant that you keep it straightforward and direct. This is additionally to help with the genuine composing process.</p><p></p><p>When you are composing a math research paper, you should manage some troublesome math questions. You will likewise need to compose a paper that incorporates your exposition. You may need to manage some troublesome math ideas that you have never managed. So as to assist you with this, you can likewise look into data that will assist you with recalling these math concepts.</p><p></p><p>Writing a math research project is a difficult procedure. Notwithstanding, the prize is incredible and when you do well you will be viewed as a top understudy. Notwithstanding, on the off chance that you don't set aside the effort to compose an extraordinary research project, you will just wind up paying for it in the future.</p><p></p><p>Writing a math research project won't be simple, yet the prizes are incredible. The prizes will originate from the evaluations that you will get when you graduate. The prizes are typically the equivalent for a secondary school understudy and a school student.</p>

Writing an Admission Essay For Graduate School

<h1>Writing an Admission Essay For Graduate School</h1><p>The term 'affirmation exposition' has various meanings which may not be completely comprehended by those of us understanding this. This article expects to expose the fantasies and dissipate a portion of the apprehensions that may shield an understudy from composing their confirmations essay.</p><p></p><p>One of the things that can frighten away an understudy who isn't open to composing a decent paper is the possibility of composing a placement test for a college or school. Regularly understudies get these stirred up, imagining that in the event that they do well in their secondary school years, at that point they'll admission well in a selection test. Obviously, as a rule this is valid, yet this isn't the main factor that counts.</p><p></p><p>You need to consider the way that your confirmations paper will be the first occasion when you'll be asked to explain for what reason you are able to go to a specific college or school. There are such a significant number of factors that decide this, for example, the evaluation you got in secondary school, in the event that you've gone to any school that paid attention to affirmations, on the off chance that you went on an English or composing grant, and so on. Notwithstanding, that is not by any means the only thing that issues when composing a decent confirmations essay.</p><p></p><p>The first thing that should be considered in your affirmations exposition is your character. It's alright to be somewhat of a mat, and be somewhat of a bitch, yet this doesn't imply that you're not, at this point fit for composing an affirmations essay.</p><p></p><p>You ought to likewise comprehend that your confirmation exposition will be submitted to many organizations. Despite the fact that these aren't probably going to be your preferred colleges, you should accept the open door to utilize it to impart what you can offer to your school and why you are the best contender for the program. Some of the time, you will have the option to converse with the entrance advisory board in an unexpected manner in comparison to they expect, and you may be astounded by the amount they might want to converse with you.</p><p></p><p>The other part of confirmation papers that must be considered is that understudies will in general be worried and exhausted during the most recent days before their acknowledgment of a school or college. Subsequent to having put in a couple of hours rounding out school applications and applying for money related guide, you're most likely inclination quite depleted. This is one of the significant reasons for understudy pressure, and it's something that you have to manage.</p><p></p><p>It's critical to comprehend that composing a confirmations exposition is similarly as significant as compos ing an exploration paper. In spite of the fact that the structure of the last will consistently start things out, you'll see that your confirmations paper is your opportunity to communicate and pass on the reasons why you have the right to go to the college or school you are applying to.</p>

Tips For Describing an Essay on Beowulf

<h1>Tips For Describing an Essay on Beowulf</h1><p>Describing a paper is a lot of equivalent to depicting an example of illustrative exposition on Beowulf. On the off chance that you are composing the paper on Beowulf, you have to ensure that you are really composing an exposition on Beowulf. You can never expect that the expositions you are looking into are composed for you on account of the way that they will contain references to subjects and occasions in which you don't have the expertise.</p><p></p><p>When it comes to composing another person's papers, you have to feel free to set up your own substance to use in the paper. You ought to set it up from your skill. On the off chance that you don't have any aptitude in the subject, you should consider reaching the individual to whom you are composing the paper for more information.</p><p></p><p>In request to appropriately depict an exposition on Beowulf, you should ha ve the option to give different kinds of models wherein you might want to compose the distinct article on Beowulf. You ought to have the option to compose a sentence which is trailed by the word 'like' to make it feasible for you to separate between the two. You additionally need to utilize spellbinding words as much as possible.</p><p></p><p>It would be ideal to observe the standard styles for composing expressive expositions. You should follow a few article rules. A portion of the tips that you have to consider are reiteration, data, fundamental thoughts, and structure. It is ideal to compose with an assortment of sentences and sections so it tends to be simpler for you to look at them.</p><p></p><p>You ought to consistently recollect that you will utilize models from Beowulf to assist you with your paper. At the point when you are inspecting tests of illustrative exposition on Beowulf, it is acceptable to keep a scratch pad with a p en close by so you can record the models as you survey. Thisis an extraordinary method to remain sorted out and to recollect the themes you are reviewing.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to instances of expressive exposition on Beowulf, you should have the option to compose a subject blueprint for your article. You have to consider to what extent your exposition will be. You ought to have the option to give thoughts to the length of your exposition, which will assist you with composing a decent and proper subject outline.</p><p></p><p>You ought to likewise remember data for your point layout which will permit you to incorporate explicit insights concerning what you intend to compose. This will make it simpler for you to compose a decent exposition for an abstract distribution. You ought to incorporate such data as themes and focuses that are deserving of being remembered for the composing sample.</p><p></p><p>The most significant part of depicting an article on Beowulf is to have the option to utilize the proper watchword. You ought to have the option to utilize this catchphrase with the goal that your work will be distributed. This is a significant factor in light of the fact that at exactly that point will it be feasible for you to get an abstract honor. This is the reason it is imperative to consider the right watchword in your research.</p>

How Can a Writer Give Background Information in a Narrative Essay

How Can a Writer Give Background Information in a Narrative Essay?In a narrative essay, how can a writer give background information? It is important to know what has happened and why, so that we understand the events. Asking pertinent questions also helps us better understand the event so we can relate it to our lives.Sometimes a story needs background information in order to understand the events that transpired. A good example of this is when a child is taken to a certain place. The reporter is interested in knowing the background information so he can relate it to his own life.Sometimes it happens that events like funerals and negative events occur in our lives. To better understand these types of events, the reporter should ask himself some questions. Sometimes the reporter doesn't know where these events took place or who was there and so he should get background information. In this case, the reporter needs to make notes as well so he can make a transcript later on.A story wit h background information can be a bit difficult to write. There are some techniques that you can use in order to make the article easier to write.Background information is just like a jigsaw puzzle. You need to put the pieces together in order to finish the puzzle. This will help you make a better story or rather give a better story. These pieces will not always fall in the same place.One thing you can do is to make the background information a key piece in the story. For example, when you are writing a story about a baby you may want to include some details on how the baby was born. This will not always be the case but you can make it more interesting if you make a point to mention them.Just remember that background information is just like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. You should put the pieces together in order to finish the picture.

Literature Free Essay Samples

<h1>Literature Free Essay Samples</h1><p>I've been searching for some writing free exposition tests. How could I discover them? All things considered, in my normal everyday employment I should know things.</p><p></p><p>There are a lot of sites on the web offering writing free exposition tests. They are helpful for the individuals who are simply beginning to compose papers. They can likewise be of incredible use for the individuals who have just composed a couple of articles and who need to improve their writing.</p><p></p><p>Literature free paper tests don't come in paper, however they do come in numerous different materials. By and large they are electronic, however paper is additionally utilized every so often. Commonly an author may wish to get writing that is as near the paper or printed form as possible.</p><p></p><p>When scanning with the expectation of complimentary example destinations y ou should glance in the 'Email this' area of the landing page. Frequently you will be given a site address to which you should email your paper. When you have the paper, you will end up welcomed by an assortment of alternatives. The exposition tests are posted at these locales so you can give criticism as you read the example essays.</p><p></p><p>Literature free paper tests are here and there sent alongside first releases of the author's books. These are typically of higher caliber than books distributed after the date of mailing. The bit of leeway to this is the author can check their work, change it, and send it out again to get input from other readers.</p><p></p><p>While some writing free exposition tests are accessible on the web, there are numerous others that are offered as digital books. A digital book is an advanced document that you can download and afterward print out.</p><p></p><p>There are additiona lly free examples that can be sent by means of email, yet these for the most part require the beneficiary to have a record with a server so as to get the papers. In case you're worried about security issues, there are without writing exposition tests that you can really have sent straightforwardly to your email account. You should simply send the material by means of email.</p><p></p><p>Literature free example papers are valuable for any individual who has never composed a solitary exposition. They are helpful for any individual who needs to take a risk and compose their first exposition, and they are even valuable for the individuals who need to improve their aptitudes as authors by taking part in free paper competitions.</p>

How to Write About Japanese Culture Essay Topics

<h1>How to Write About Japanese Culture Essay Topics</h1><p>There are an assortment of Japanese culture paper themes that you can expound on. In this article I will examine a couple of them.</p><p></p><p>As I referenced previously, the Japanese culture is really an amalgamation of various societies and areas. There are such a significant number of ethnicities that make up the nation. This makes it hard to examine in light of the fact that individuals from everywhere throughout the nation would study or visit Japan. It additionally makes it hard to recognize and bring up singular attributes starting with one gathering of individuals then onto the next. This makes considering Japanese culture paper subjects somewhat more troublesome, yet it is still possible.</p><p></p><p>The most basic Japanese culture article points spin around a topic, for example, history, culture, and religion. Ordinarily there are a great deal of s imilitudes between the two. When expounding on history, it is imperative to take a gander at the past of the nation and all the fights that have occurred in the past.</p><p></p><p>Another mainstream topic to concentrate in Japanese culture article points is religion. It is imperative to realize what strict convictions and practices individuals have confidence in. Not all individuals practice a similar religion or have confidence in a similar religion. It is extraordinary to think about various religions with the goal that you can expound on the things that you have gained from your studies.</p><p></p><p>History and religion are extremely pervasive in Japanese culture. Notwithstanding, with regards to right now, they have different themes, for example, work and instruction. The vast majority today wind up in a homeroom or working in a vocation. Contemplating Japanese culture paper themes can assist you with expounding on how you and oth ers manage school or work.</p><p></p><p>The things that understudies gain from Japanese culture are likewise significant. It is essential to find out about various issues that exist in the general public today. So as to do this, understudies must find out about Japan. It is acceptable to know the real factors, with the goal that you can expound on these issues.</p><p></p><p>When it goes to the working environment, it is imperative to find out about Japanese culture. Individuals in Japan will in general work together and figure out how to regard one another. This is something that everybody in a working environment should know. It is a piece of life that can't be denied.</p><p></p><p>These are only a couple of the themes that you can contemplate when expounding on Japanese culture. It is critical to know the real factors. There are numerous subjects to examine when expounding on the Japanese culture yet thinking about those points is the thing that makes your article unique.</p>

Stock Exchanges Role In Markets Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 23 Words: 6940 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The Stock Exchange is an organized market for purchase and sale of listed industrial and financial securities. The securities traded on stock exchanges include shares and debentures of Public Limited Co.s, Govt. Securities, etc. According to the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, Stock exchange is an association, organization or body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, established for the purpose of assisting, regulating and controlling business in buying, selling and dealing securities.  [1] Stock market refers to the market provided by different stock exchanges to the securities which include share, debenture, bond and other Government securities. It is a market place where buyers and sellers of shares and securities admitted to dealings, can do business at competitive open prices, both for equities and debt instruments.  [2] Participants The securities market, thus, has essentially three categories of participants, namely the iss uers of securities, investors in securities and the intermediaries and two categories of products, namely the services of the intermediaries and the securities, including derivatives. The issuers and investors are the consumers of services rendered by the intermediaries while the investors are consumers of securities issued by issuers. Those who receive funds in exchange for securities and those who receive securities in exchange for funds often need the reassurance that it is safe to do so. This reassurance is provided by the law and custom, often enforced by the regulator. The regulator develops fair market practices and regulates the conduct of issuers of securities and the intermediaries so as to protect the interests of investors in securities. The regulator ensures a high standard of service from intermediaries and supply of quality securities and non manipulated demand for them in the market.  [3]  While the corporate sector and governments together raised a sum of Rs. 22 6,911 crore during 2001-02, the household sector invested 4.3% of their financial savings through the securities market during 2000-01.  [4] Corporate Sector: The 1990s witnessed emergence of the securities market as a major source of finance for trade and industry. The share of capital market based instruments in resources raised externally increased to 53% in 1993-94, but declined thereafter to 31% by 2000-01.  [5] Governments: Along with increase in fiscal deficits of the governments, the dependence on market borrowings to finance fiscal deficits has increased over the years. The state governments and the central government financed about 14% and 18% respectively of their fiscal deficit by market borrowings during 1990-91. In percentage terms, dependence of the state governments on market borrowing did not increase much during the decade 1991-2002. In case of central government, it increased to 69.4% by 2001-02.  [6] Households: Household sector accounted for 89% o f gross domestic savings during 2000-01; 53% of their savings were in financial assets. The share of financial savings of the household sector in securities (shares, debentures, public sector bonds and units of UTI and other mutual funds and government securities) is estimated to have gone down from 22.9% in 1991-92 to 4.3% in 2000-01.  [7] A Brief History The AMSTER DAMBERUS is the worlds oldest Stock Exchange, where corporate stocks were dealt in 1585 A.D. Thereafter, dealings in stocks started in London (1675), Brussels (1801), Paris Bourse Stock Exchange (1808), and New York Stock Exchange (1810) and so on.  [8]  Though the historical records relating to securities market in India is meagre and obscure, there is evidence to indicate that the loan securities of the East Indian Company used to be traded towards close of the 18th century. By 1830s, the trading in shares of banks started. The trader by the name of broker emerged in 1830 when 6 persons called themselves a s share brokers. This number grew gradually. Till 1850, they traded in shares of banks and securities of the East India Company in Mumbai under a sprawling Banyan Tree in front of the Town Hall, which is now in the Horniman Circle Park. It is no surprise that the majestic Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers is located at the Horniman Circle. In 1850, the Companies Act introducing limited liability was enacted heralding the era of modern joint stock company which propelled trading volumes.  [9] After a boom due to the increase demand of cotton and thus the incorporation of various companies in India during the American Civil War the number of brokers, which had increased during the civil war to about 250, declined. During the civil war, they had become so influential and powerful that even the police had only salams for them. But after the end of the civil war, they were driven from pillar to post by the police. They moved from place to place till 1874 when they found a convenient place, which is now appropriately called Dalal Street after their name. They organized an informal association on or about 9th July 1875 for protecting their interests. On 3rd December 1887, they established a stock exchange called Native Share and Stock Brokers Association. This laid the foundation of the oldest stock exchange in India. The word native indicated that only natives of India could be brokers of the Exchange. In 1880s a number textile mills came up in Ahmedabad. This created a need for trading of shares of these mills. In 1894, the brokers of Ahmedabad formed The Ahmedabad Share and Stock Brokers Association. The 1870s saw a boom in jute prices, 1880s and 1890s saw boom in tea prices, then followed coal boom. When the booms ended, there were endless differences and disputes among brokers in eastern India which was home to production of jute, tea and coal. This provoked the establishment of The Calcutta Stock Exchange Association on June 15, 1908. Then followed the proli feration of exchanges, many of them even do not exist today. The rest is history. Control of capital issues was introduced through the Defence of India Rules in 1943 under the Defence of India Act, 1939 to channel resources to support the war effort. The control was retained after the war with some modifications as a means of controlling the raising of capital by companies and to ensure that national resources were channeled to serve the goals and priorities of the government, and to protect the interests of investors. The relevant provisions in the Defence of India Rules were replaced by the Capital Issues (Continuance of Control) Act in April 1947.  [10] Though the stock exchanges were in operation, there was no legislation for their regulation till the Bombay Securities Contracts Control Act was enacted in 1925. This was, however, deficient in many respects. Under the constitution which came into force on January 26, 1950, stock exchanges and forward markets came under th e exclusive authority of the central government. Following the recommendations of the A. D. Gorwala Committee in 1951, the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 was enacted to provide for direct and indirect control of virtually all aspects of securities trading and the running of stock exchanges and to prevent undesirable transactions in securities.  [11] In 1980s and 1990s, it was increasingly realized that an efficient and well developed securities market is essential for sustained economic growth. Without venturing into a detailed discussion at this stage, it would suffice if the researcher just says that the securities market fosters economic growth to the extent it augments the quantities of real savings and capital formation from a given level of national income and it raises productivity of investment by improving allocation of investible funds. The extent depends on the quality of the securities market. In order to improve the quality of the market, that is, to i mprove market efficiency, enhance transparency, prevent unfair trade practices and bring the Indian market up to international standards, a package of reforms consisting of measures to liberalise, regulate and develop the securities market is being implemented since early 1990s. This has had various beneficial implications.  [12] Regulatory Framework The four main legislations governing the securities market are: the SEBI Act, 1992 which establishes SEBI to protect investors and develop and regulate securities market; the Companies Act, 1956, which sets out the code of conduct for the corporate sector in relation to issue, allotment and transfer of securities, and disclosures to be made in public issues; the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, which provides for regulation of transactions in securities through control over stock exchanges; the Depositories Act, 1996 which provides for electronic maintenance and transfer of ownership of demat securities. The two exclusive legislations that governed the securities market till early 1992were the Capital Issues (Control) Act, 1947 (CICA) and the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (SCRA). The CICA had its origin during the war in 1943 when the objective was to channel resources to support the war effort. Control of capital issues was introduced through the Defence of India Rules in May 1943 under the Defence of India Act, 1939. The control was retained after the war with some modifications as means of controlling the raising of capital by companies and to ensure that national resources were channeled into proper lines, i.e., for desirable purposes to serve goals and priorities of the government, and to protect the interests of investors. The relevant provisions in the Defence of India Rules were replaced by the Capital Issues (Continuance of Control) Act in April 1947. This Act was made permanent in 1956 and enacted as the Capital Issues (Control) Act, 1947. Under the Act, t he Controller of Capital Issues was set up which granted approval for issue of securities and also determined the amount, type and price of the issue. This Act was, however, repealed in 1992 as a part of liberalization process to allow the companies to approach the market directly provided they issue securities in compliance with prescribed guidelines relating to disclosure and investor protection.  [13] Though the stock exchanges were in operation, there was no legislation for their regulation till the Bombay Securities Contracts Control Act was enacted in 1925. This was, however, deficient in many respects. Under the constitution which came into force on January 26, 1950, stock exchanges and forward markets came under the exclusive authority of the Central Government. The Government appointed the A. D. Gorwala Committee in 1951 to formulate legislation for the regulation of the stock exchanges and of contracts in securities. Following the recommendations of the Committe e, the SCRA was enacted in 1956 to provide for direct and indirect control of virtually all aspects of securities trading and the running of stock exchanges and to prevent undesirable transactions in securities. The authorities have been quite sensitive to requirements of the development of securities market, so much so that the last decade (1992-2003) witnessed nine special legislative interventions, including two new enactments, namely the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act, 1992 and the Depositories Act, 1996. The SCRA, the SEBI Act and the Depositories Act were amended six, five and three times respectively during the same period. The developmental need was so urgent at times, that the last decade witnessed five ordinances relating to securities laws. Besides, a number of other legislations (the Income Tax Act, the Companies Act, the Indian Stamps Act, the Bankers Book Evidence Act, the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act etc.) having bearing on securities marke ts have been amended in the recent past to complement amendments in securities laws. The legal reforms began with the enactment of the SEBI Act, 1992, This was followed by repeal of the Capital Issues (Control) Act, 1947 in 1992 which paved way for market determined allocation of resources. Then came the Securities Laws (Amendment) Act in 1995 followed by the Depositories Act in 1996 to provide for the establishment of depositories in securities with the objective of ensuring free transferability of securities with speed, accuracy and security. The Depositories Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 1997 amended various legislations to facilitate dematerialization of securities. The Securities Laws (Amendment) Act, 1999 was enacted to provide a legal framework for trading of derivatives of securities and units of CIS. The Securities Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 1999 was enacted to empower SAT to deal with appeals against orders of SEBI under the Depositories Act and the SEBI Act, and agai nst refusal of stock exchanges to list securities under the SCRA. The next intervention is the SEBI (Amendment) Act, 2002 which enhanced powers of SEBI substantially in respect of inspection, investigation and enforcement. The latest and the ninth legislative intervention namely the Securities Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2003 was introduced in the Parliament to amend the SCRA to provide for demutualization of stock exchange. Repeal of Capital Issues (Control) Act, 1947 It is believed that a liberalized securities market helps promote economic growth. The more liberalized a securities market is, the better is its impact on economic growth.  [14]  Interventions in the securities market were originally designed to help governments expropriate much of the seigniorage and control and direct the flow of funds for favoured uses. These helped governments to tap savings on a low or even no-cost basis. Besides government used to allocate funds from the securities market to competing ente rprises and decide the terms of allocation. The result was channelisation of resources to favoured uses rather than sound projects. In such circumstances accumulation of capital per se meant little, where rate of return on some investments were negative while extremely remunerative investment opportunities were foregone. This kept the average rate of return from investment lower than it would otherwise have been and, given the cost of savings, the resulting investment was less than optimum. As a part of the liberalization process, the CICA was repealed by an Ordinance on May 29, 1992 paving way for market determined allocation of resources. With this the office of Controller of Capital Issues was abolished and the cost of rationing the resources was saved. The Act earlier required a firm wishing to issue securities to obtain prior approval from the government, which also determined the amount, type and price of the issue. Now the eligible firms comply with the specified requireme nts and access the market to raise as much resources and at such terms as the market can bear. In the issues made through book building, the investors have freedom to subscribe for the securities at the prices they consider appropriate. SEBI Act, 1992: The SEBI Act, 1992 establishes SEBI with statutory powers for (a) protecting the interests of investors in securities, (b) promoting the development of the securities market, and (c) regulating the securities market. Its regulatory jurisdiction extends over corporates in the issuance of capital and transfer of securities, in addition to all intermediaries and persons associated with securities market.  [15]  It can conduct enquiries, audits and inspection of all concerned and adjudicate offences under the Act. It has powers to register and regulate all market intermediaries  [16]  and also to penalize them in case of violations of the provisions of the Act, Rules and Regulations made there under.  [17]  SEBI has f ull autonomy and authority to regulate and develop an orderly securities market. As observed by the Supreme Court in the words of J. Sinha on behalf of a three judge bench in the case of Swedish Match AB v. SEBI  [18]  the purpose and objective behind the introduction of SEBI was, Establishment of independent regulatory agencies and need for expert regulations were long felt primarily as a response to the growing complexity in human affairs and trade and business in particular. It was felt that a regulator who was aware of the realities of that field should be ready to regulate that field. Demand for regulators who were not mere Government officials but people who are experts in the field came up. Regulations framed by an expert body like SEBI was felt to be an effective substitute for government regulation. The evolution in respect whereof can be traced back to the Great Depression of 1930s. As a part of the new deal, several expert bodies were established like the Federa l Communications Commission and Securities Exchange Commission. In the Indian context, this rationale was invoked for the establishment of an expert body to regulate the securities market after the Securities Scam in 1992. Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956: It provides for direct and indirect control of virtually all aspects of securities trading and the running of stock exchanges and aims to prevent undesirable transactions in securities. It gives central government/SEBI regulatory jurisdiction over (a) stock exchanges through a process of recognition and continued supervision, (b) contracts in securities, and (c) listing of securities on stock exchanges. As a condition of recognition, a stock exchange complies with prescribed conditions of Central Government. Organised trading activity in securities takes place on a specified recognised stock exchange. The stock exchanges determine their own listing regulations which have to conform to the minimum listing criteria set out in the Rules. Depositories Act, 1996: The Depositories Act, 1996 provides for the establishment of depositories in securities with the objective of ensuring free transferability of securities with speed, accuracy and security by (a) making securities of public limited companies freely transferable subject to certain exceptions; (b) dematerialising the securities in the depository mode; and (c) providing for maintenance of ownership records in a book entry form. In order to streamline the settlement process, the Act envisages transfer of ownership of securities electronically by book entry without making the securities move from person to person. The Act has made the securities of all public limited companies freely transferable, restricting the companys right to use discretion in effecting the transfer of securities, and the transfer deed and other procedural requirements under the Companies Act have been dispensed with. Companies Act, 1956: It deals with issue, allotment and transfer of securities and various aspects relating to company management. It provides for standard of disclosure in public issues of capital, particularly in the fields of company management and projects, information about other listed companies under the same management, and management perception of risk factors. It also regulates underwriting, the use of premium and discounts on issues, rights and bonus issues, payment of interest and dividends, supply of annual report and other information.  [19] A Functional Approach to the Markets Need for a Stock Exchange The Stock Exchange is a key financial institution which plays an important role in the course of the issue and sale of various types of securities. This is an institution and a pivot around which every activity of the national capital markets revolve. It is continuously engaged in the capital mobilization process. The Stock exchange provides opportunity to the fund users for the continuous trading in securities. Through the medium of Stock Exchange, the investors get an impetus and motivation to invest in securities without which they would have had no chance to liquidate their investments or adjust their portfolios. Had there been no institution of stock exchanges many of the savers would have had simply held on to their savings either in cash or in banks. Another consequence of the non-existence of Stock Exchanges would have been lower aggregate savings of the community. The Stock exchange provides safety and liquidity to the investing public and generates a sense to save and put their money in securities instead of investing in small firms whose integrity and competence they would never judge themselves accurately. A stock market is a place where enormous capital is raised, which is generally required to operate the industrial and commercial enterprise of a country. The types of Companies, the concept of listing and the role of Stock Exchange. The word Company is an am algamation of the Latin word Com meaning with or together and Pains meaning bread. Originally, it referred to a group of persons who took their meals together. A company is nothing but a group of persons who have come together or who have contributed money for some common person and who have incorporated themselves into a distinct legal entity in the form of a company for that purpose. Under Halsburys Laws of England, the term company has been defined as a collection of many individuals united into one body under special domination, having perpetual succession under an artificial form and vested by the policies of law with the capacity of acting in several respect as an individual, particularly for taking and granting of property, for contracting obligation and for suing and being sued, for enjoying privileges and immunities in common and exercising a variety of political rights, more or less extensive, according to the design of its institution or the powers upon it, either at the time of its creation or at any subsequent period of its existence  [20]  . Capital refers to the amount invested in the company so that it can carry on its activities. In a company capital refers to share capital. A particular company raises capital by issuing shares to people who on acquiring such shares become members. Shareholder has neither been defined in the Act nor in the Regulations; whereas shares has been defined to mean shares in the share capital of a company carrying voting rights and includes any security which would entitle the holder to receive shares with voting rights but shall not include preference shares.  [21]  The capital clause in Memorandum of Association (MA) must state the amount of capital with which company is registered giving details of number of shares and the type of shares of the company.  [22]  A company cannot issue share capital in excess of the limit specified in the Capital clause without altering the capital clause of the MA.  [23]  Shares in a company are freely transferable, subject to certain conditions, such that no share-holder is permanently or necessarily wedded to a company. When a member transfers his shares to another person, the transferee steps into the shoes of the transferor and acquires all the rights of the transferor in respect of those shares. Public limited companies can be broadly classified into a listed company and non-listed company. Listed Company means a public limited company which is listed on any one or more recognised stock exchange(s) in India and securities (the i.e. shares, debentures etc.) of such company are traded on such stock exchanges. Unlisted Company, therefore, means a company whose securities are not listed on any of the recognised stock exchanges in India. Some of the advantages of a listed companies are :- securities freely transferable easy liquidity of securities easy availability of prices of securities reputation public awareness m ore transparency helps in obtaining loans from banks/institutions helps in marketing its products In order to come out with a Public Issue (the i.e. to offer further securities to public) or make an offer for sale of existing securities to the public, the securities of a public limited company must be listed so as to allow its shares to be traded on any recognised stock exchanges.  [24]  This can be done by issue of Prospectus and complying with all the provisions of Companies Act, 1956, rules regulations issued by Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and other concerned authorities from time to time. The functions performed by the Stock exchange on this account. Each Stock Exchange has its own criteria for listing the securities which should also be met.  [25]  For example, if the company intends to list its securities on The Stock Exchange, Mumbai the post issue capital (the researcher.e. paid up capital after the proposed public issue) of such compan y should be at least Rs. 10 crores.  [26] After the successful completion of the issue, the company finalizes the basis of allotment with the regional stock exchange. If the company has proposed to list its securities with more than one stock exchange, then the basis of allotment should be finalized with the stock exchange which is situated in the state in which registered office of the company is situated (regional stock exchange). The Company enters into a listing agreement with the concerned stock exchanges and on receipt of permission from the concerned stock exchange(s), the company is listed and securities are thereafter traded on such stock exchange(s). Such companies have certain obligations with respect to the stock exchanges where their securities are listed. These obligations have been arrived from the listing agreement which the company enters with each of the stock exchanges. SEBI, through its SEBI (Central Listing Authority) Regulations, 2003 has provided fo r establishment of a self-regulatory authority Central Listing Authority (CLA). The functions of CLA will include processing the application made by any body corporate, mutual fund or collective investment scheme for the letter of recommendation for listing; and making recommendations as to listing conditions. The CLA may also perform any other function as may be specified by SEBI from time to time. Transfer of shares Members can sell their shares to any person, either directly or indirectly. This can be done through a duly executed share transfer deed.  [27]  The shares of the listed companies are traded on stock exchanges on which they are listed. The transactions are done through brokers/sub-brokers who buy/sell the securities on behalf of their clients. On receipt of the share certificates (alongwith the share transfer form), the purchaser has an option either to resell the securities through a broker in the stock market or to send the same to the company for registra tion of transfer. If he opts to send the share certificates to the company for registration of transfer, he has to sign the share transfer form and fill in such other particulars as prescribed under the form. However the trend has changed and the transfer of shares is no more such a cumbersome task, due to the introduction of Dematerialization of Shares. These procedures are now electronically processed and undertaken by various authorized depositories.  [28] Role of Stock exchanges in Capital Markets Stock Market An indispensable institution View of the Apex Court As observed by a five judge bench , the history of stock exchanges in foreign countries as well as in India shows that the development of joint stock enterprises would have never reached its present stage save for the facilities which the stock exchanges have provided for dealing in securities. They have a very important function to fulfill in the countrys economy.  [29]  The Supreme Court has also h ighlighted upon how this function is performed in the following words of J. Shah: A Stock Exchange fulfils a vital function in the economic development of a nation: its main function is to liquefy capital by enabling a person who has invested money in say a factory or a railway to convert it into cash by disposing of his share in the enterprise to some one else. Investment in joint stock companies is attractive to the public, because the value, of the shares is announced day after day in the Stock Exchanges, and the shares quoted on the Exchanges are capable of almost immediate conversion into money. In modern days a company stands little chance of inducing the public to subscribe to its capital, unless its shares are quoted in an approved Stock Exchange. All public companies are anxious to obtain permission from reputed exchanges for securing quotations of their shares and the management of a company is anxious to inform the investing public that the shares of the company will b e quoted on the Stock exchange.  [30] Briefly the role that Stock Exchanges perform in the development and functioning of capital markets would be: It provides ready market for securities. It provides liquidity. It ensures easy negotiability. It helps in the distribution of new securities. It helps in Capital formation process. It performs the role of an intermediary performing an informative an educative role for the investors. Economic Growth A well functioning securities market is conducive to sustained economic growth.  [31]  There have been a number of studies, starting from World Bank and IMF to various scholars  [32]  , which have established robust relationship not only one way, but also the both ways, between the development in the securities market and the economic growth. As analyzed and put forth by Mercereau  [33]  the securities market fosters economic growth to the extent that it-(a) augments the quantities of real savings a nd capital formation from any given level of national income, (b) increases net capital inflow from abroad, (c) raises the productivity of investment by improving allocation of investible funds, and (d) reduces the cost of capital.  [34] It is reasonable to expect savings and capital accumulation and formation to respond favorably to developments in securities market. The provision of even simple securities decouples individual acts of saving from those of investment over both time and space and thus allows savings to occur without the need for a concomitant act of investment. If economic units rely entirely on self-finance, investment is constrained in two ways: by the ability and willingness of any unit to save, and by its ability and willingness to invest. The unequal distribution of entrepreneurial talents and risk taking proclivities in any economy means that at one extreme there are some whose investment plans may be frustrated for want of enough savings, while at t he other end, there are those who do not need to consume all their incomes but who are too inert to save or too cautious to invest the surplus productively. For the economy as a whole, Bhagwati  [35]  argues, productive investment may thus fall short of its potential level. In these circumstances, the securities market provides a bridge between ultimate savers and ultimate investors and creates the opportunity to put the savings of the cautious at the disposal of the enterprising, thus promising to raise the total level of investment and hence of growth. The indivisibility or lumpiness of many potentially profitable but large investments reinforces this argument. These are commonly beyond the financing capacity of any single economic unit but may be supported if the investor can gather and combine the savings of many. Moreover, the availability of yield bearing securities makes present consumption more expensive relative to future consumption and, therefore, people might be indu ced to consume less today.  [36] The composition of savings may also change with fewer saving being held in the form of idle money or unproductive durable assets, simply because more divisible and liquid assets are available. International Linkage The securities market facilitates the internationalization of an economy by linking it with the rest of the world. This linkage assists through the inflow of capital in the form of portfolio investment. Moreover, a strong domestic stock market performance forms the basis for well performing domestic corporate to raise capital in the international market.  [37] Eatwell, thus argues, that the domestic economy is opened up to international competitive pressures, which help to raise efficiency. It is also very likely that existence of a domestic securities market will deter capital outflow by providing attractive investment opportunities within domestic economy.  [38]  Any financial development produces allocational improve ment over a system of segregated investment opportunities. The benefits of improved investment allocation are such that Eatwell defines economic development as reduction of the great dispersion in social rate of return to existing and new investments under domestic entrepreneurial control.  [39]  Instead of emphasising scarcity of capital, he focuses on the extra-ordinary distortions commonly found in the domestic securities markets of the developing countries. The distortions in the real sectors such as monopoly power, tariff protection, import quotas, credit rationing add salt to injury. In the face of great discrepancies in rate of return, the accumulation of capital does not contribute much to development. A developed securities market successfully monitors the efficiency with which the existing capital stock is deployed. Contributions to the Financial Sector In as much as the securities market enlarges the financial sector, promoting additional and more sophisticated financing, it increases opportunities for specialisation, division of labour and reductions in costs in financial activities.  [40]  The securities market and its institutions help the user in many ways to reduce the cost of capital. They provide a convenient market place to which investors and issuers of securities go and thereby avoid the need to search a suitable counterpart. The market provides standardized products and thereby cuts the information costs associated with individual instruments. The market institutions specialize and operate on large scale which cuts costs through the use of tested procedures and routines.  [41] There are also other developmental benefits associated with the existence of a securities market. The securities market provides a fast-rate breeding ground for the skills and judgment needed for entrepreneurship, risk bearing, portfolio selection and management.  [42] An active securities market serves as an engine of general financial de velopment and may, in particular, accelerate the integration of informal financial systems with the institutional financial sector.  [43]  Securities directly displace traditional assets such as gold and stocks of produce or, indirectly, may provide portfolio assets for unit trusts, pension funds and similar FIs that raise savings from the traditional sector.  [44] The existence of securities market enhances the scope, and provides institutional mechanisms, for the operation of monetary and financial policy.  [45] Regulation and Liberalization- The Path to Reform Reforms since 1990s The researcher makes a dhobi list of reforms undertaken since early 1990s. Instead let me discuss only a few major reforms. a. Control over Issue of Capital: As discussed earlier  [46]  , one of the major initiatives of liberalisation was the repeal of the Capital Issues (Control) Act, 1947 in May 1992. b. Establishment of Regulator: A major initiative of regulation was esta blishment of a statutory autonomous agency, called SEBI, to provide reassurance that it is safe to undertake transactions in securities. As the researcher discussed at an earlier occcasion  [47]  the SEBI Act, 1992 introduced a regulator in the lattice of the Capital Markets. c. Screen Based Trading: A major developmental initiative was a nation-wide on-line fully-automated screen based trading system (SBTS) where a member can punch into the computer quantities of securities and the prices at which he likes to transact and the transaction is executed as soon as it finds a matching sale or buy order from a counter party. SBTS electronically matches orders on a strict price/time priority and hence cut down on time, cost and risk of error, as well as on fraud resulting in improved operational efficiency. It allowed faster incorporation of price sensitive information into prevailing prices, thus increasing the informational efficiency of markets. It enabled market participants to see the full market on real-time, making the market transparent. It allowed a large number of participants, irrespective of their geographical locations, to trade with one another simultaneously, improving the depth and liquidity of the market over 10,000 terminals creating waves by clicks from over 400 towns / cities in India. It provided full anonymity by accepting orders, big or small, from members without revealing their identity, thus providing equal access to everybody. It also provided a perfect audit trail, which helps to resolve disputes by logging in the trade execution process in entirety. The SBTS shifted the trading platform from the trading hall of an exchange to brokers premises. It was then shifted to the PCs in the residences of investors through the Internet and to hand-held devices through WAP for convenience of mobile investors. This made a huge difference in terms of equal access to investors in a geographically vast country like India. d. Risk managemen t: A number of measures were taken to manage the risks in the market so that the participants are safe and market integrity is protected. These include: i. Trading Cycle: The trading cycle varied from 14 days for specified securities to 30 days for others and settlement took another fortnight. Often this cycle was not adhered to. This was euphemistically often described as T+ any thing. Many things could happen between entering into a trade and its performance providing incentives for either of the parties to go back on its promise. This had on several occasions led to defaults and risks in settlement. In order to reduce large open positions, the trading cycle was reduced over a period of time to a week initially. Rolling settlement on T+5 basis was introduced in phases. All scrips moved to rolling settlement from December 2001. T+5 gave way to T+3 from April 2002 and T+2 from April 2003. ii. Dematerialization: Settlement system on Indian stock exchanges gave rise to settlemen t risk due to the time that elapsed before trades are settled. Trades were settled by physical movement of paper. This had two aspects. First, the settlement of trade in stock exchanges by delivery of shares by the seller and payment by the purchaser. The process of physically moving the securities from the seller to the ultimate buyer through the sellers broker and buyers broker took time with the risk of delay somewhere along the chain. The second aspect related to transfer of shares in favour of the purchaser by the company. The system of transfer of ownership was grossly inefficient as every transfer involved physical movement of paper securities to the issuer for registration, with the change of ownership being evidenced by an endorsement on the security certificate. In many cases the process of transfer took much longer, and a significant proportion of transactions ended up as bad delivery due to faulty compliance of paper work. Theft, forgery, mutilation of certificates and other irregularities were rampant, and in addition the issuer had the right to refuse the transfer of a security. All this added to costs, and delays in settlement, restricted liquidity and made investor grievance redressal time consuming and at times intractable. To obviate these problems, the Depositories Act, 1996 was passed and as discussed earlier.  [48]  Currently 99% of market capitalization is dematerialized and 99.9% of trades are settled by delivery. iii. Derivatives: To assist market participants to manage risks better through hedging, speculation and arbitrage, SC(R)A was amended in 1995 to lift the ban on options in securities. The SC(R)A was amended further in December 1999 to expand the definition of securities to include derivatives so that the whole regulatory framework governing trading of securities could apply to trading of derivatives also. A three-decade old ban on forward trading, better known as BADLA, which had lost its relevance and was hinde ring introduction of derivatives trading, was withdrawn. Derivative trading took off in June 2000 on two exchanges  [49]  . iv. Settlement Guarantee: A variety of measures were taken to address the risk in the market. Clearing corporations emerged to assume counter party risk. Trade and settlement guarantee funds were set up to guarantee settlement of trades irrespective of default by brokers. These funds provide full novation and work as central counter party. The Exchanges /clearing corporations monitor the positions of the brokers on real time basis. Various measures taken over last decade or so have yielded considerable benefits to the market, as evidenced by the growth in number of market participants, growth in volumes in securities transactions, increasing globalization of the Indian market, reduction in transaction costs, and compliance with international standards. In terms of number of trades, NSE is the third largest exchange in the world. The researcher is not going in to these details, as my objective is not to boost our performance here except to quote from the Economic Intelligence Unit 2003 study: Top of the Country class, as might be expected is Singapore followed by Hongkong and, somewhat surprisingly, India where overall disclosure standards have improved dramatically, accounting differences between local and US standards have been minimized and the number of companies with a majority of independent directors has risen significantly. Corporatisation and Demutualisation of a stock exchange The Finance Minister, during his Budget Speech for the year 2002-03, had mentioned that corporatisation of stock exchanges would be completed during the year to implement the Governments proposal to segregate ownership, management and operation of stock exchanges.  [50] Corporatisation and Demutualisation of a stock exchange is essentially a conversion from a not for profit entity to a for-profit company. The company so constituted may be a listed or an unlisted closely held public company.  [51]  Demutualisation involves the segregation of members rights into distinct segments of ownership rights and trading rights. The relationship between members and the stock exchange is altered with members retaining their trading rights and acquiring ownership rights in the stock exchange. These ownership rights have a market value and the benefits of limited liability. Professional management, availability of capital through public/ private issues and management accountability are some of the benefits of demutualisation.  [52] SEBI constituted the Group on Corporatisation and Demutualisation of Stock Exchanges (the Group) in order to review and examine the present structure of stock exchanges. Examine the various legal, accounting and tax issues associated with the corporatisation of stock exchanges. Recommend specific steps that need to be taken for implementation of the above. Advise on the consolidation and merg er of stock exchanges. The Group submitted its report on 28 August 2002 and made the following salient observations and recommendations: Stock Exchanges are converted to companies limited by shares from associations of persons/ companies limited by guarantee. Amendments are made to the Income-tax Act, 1961, so that past accumulated profits of the stock exchanges are not subject to tax. Amendments would also be required in the Indian Stamp Act, 1899, and Sales Tax Laws to allow a tax-free transfer of assets from the old entity to the demutualised new entity. The current system of permission to trade on the basis of ownership of a trading card is replaced by a system where money is deposited to obtain trading rights. Shareholders, brokers and the investing public are equally represented on the governing board of the demutualised exchange. A uniform model for corporatisation and demutualisation would have to be adopted by all stock exchanges. The merger of stock exchanges is a co mmercial decision that would be left to the stock exchanges. The Group is of the view that the corporatisation and demutualization of stock exchanges would help the consolidation of stock exchanges. If the recommendations of the Group are adopted and suitable legislative changes are carried out to implement the recommendations, the stock exchanges will be required to submit a scheme of demutualisation to SEBI by an appointed date. Non-compliance in this regard would result in temporary or permanent lapse of recognition granted to an existing stock exchange. To put these recommendations into effect the Securities Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2003 was introduced in the Parliament to amend the SCRA to provide for Corporatisation and Demutualization of stock exchange. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Stock Exchanges Role In Markets Finance Essay" essay for you Create order